Technical principles of diesel engines
2025-07-08
Diesel engines complete energy conversion through four strokes: intake, compression, power generation, and exhaust
Intake stroke: The piston descends, the intake valve opens, and air is drawn into the cylinder.
Compression stroke: The piston moves upward, compressing the air to 500-700 ℃, with a pressure of 40-50 atmospheres, and a temperature far exceeding the self ignition point of diesel (about 220 ℃).
Power stroke: The fuel injector atomizes diesel fuel under high pressure and sprays it into the cylinder. After mixing with high-temperature air, it self ignites, producing a high temperature of 1900-2000 ℃ and a pressure of 60-100 atmospheres, which pushes the piston down to do power.
Exhaust stroke: The piston moves upward, the exhaust valve opens, and the exhaust gas is discharged.
Key difference: Diesel engines do not require spark plug ignition and achieve compression ignition through high compression ratios (15:1 to 22:1), while gasoline engines rely on spark plugs to ignite the mixture.
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