Material selection and heat treatment of mechanical parts
2025-07-25
Common materials
Metallic materials:
Carbon steel (such as 45 # steel): used for general structural components, with low cost but poor corrosion resistance.
Alloy steel (such as 40Cr): used for gear and shaft parts to improve strength and wear resistance by adding alloying elements.
Nonferrous metals (such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys): used in lightweight or conductive scenarios, such as aviation structural components and motor end caps.
Non metallic materials:
Engineering plastics (such as PA, POM): used in low load, corrosion-resistant scenarios, such as gears and bearing cages.
Composite materials (such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic): used in high-strength, lightweight scenarios, such as drone propellers.
Heat treatment process
Quenching and tempering: Improve hardness and toughness, such as tool steel cutting tools that require quenching and low-temperature tempering.
Carburizing and nitriding: enhancing surface wear resistance, such as using carburizing and quenching treatment for automotive gears.
Quenching and tempering treatment: Improve comprehensive mechanical properties, such as precision machining of machine tool spindles after quenching and tempering.
4、 Manufacturing process and precision control
processing
Cutting processing: turning, milling, grinding, etc., suitable for high-precision parts, such as precision machining of aircraft engine blades.
Forming processing: casting, forging, stamping, etc., suitable for mass production, such as low-pressure casting for automotive engine cylinder blocks.
Special processing: electrical discharge machining (EDM), laser cutting, etc., used for complex structures or hard materials, such as mold cavity processing.
Accuracy control
Dimensional tolerance: Determine the tolerance level based on functional requirements, such as using H7/g6 for mating parts.
Surface roughness: affects friction and wear, for example, the surface roughness of rolling bearings needs to be below Ra0.2.
Geometric tolerance: Control straightness, roundness, etc., such as ensuring straightness for machine tool guides to improve machining accuracy.
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